POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE; ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SMOKE-FREE AREA POLICY IN BANDA ACEH CITY

Zakki Fuad Khalil; Cut Zamharira; Mohammad Iqbal

doi:10.56196/jta.v16i01.288

Authors

Zakki Fuad Khalil Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Negara, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Pemerintahan, UIN Ar-Raniry
Cut Zamharira Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh
Mohd. Iqbal Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56196/jta.v16i01.288

Keywords:

Policy Implementation, non-smoking area policy, Polycentric Governance, Policy Implementation, Smoke-Free Areas

Abstract

Smoking prevalence in Indonesia continues to increase and poses a significant public health challenge. To address the negative impacts of tobacco consumption, the Banda Aceh City Government enacted Qanun Number 5 of 2016 concerning Smoke-Free Areas (SFA). This study aims to analyze the implementation strategies of the SFA policy and the collaborative relationships among stakeholders involved in its implementation. A qualitative field study was conducted using interviews, observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the implementation of the SFA policy is supported through regulatory enforcement, the development of standard operating procedures, public awareness campaigns, installation of smoke-free signage, routine monitoring, and cross-sectoral collaboration. Policy implementation is further strengthened by the active involvement of local government agencies, non-governmental organizations, media institutions, and community groups in education, monitoring, and tobacco control initiatives. The study highlights that collaborative and multi-actor governance plays an important role in enhancing the effectiveness and sustainability of smoke-free area policies in Banda Aceh.

References

Agustiawan, A. (2025). Heat-not-burn tobacco (HnBT): The Issue of Cigarette Product Substitutes and Their Health Impacts: Analysis. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 52(1).

Amaliah, N. A. (2018). Sudah efektifkah kebijakan kawasan tanpa rokok di Indonesia? Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.37644

Amri, S. R., & Umrah, A. S. (2022). Studi Efektivitas Implementasi Peraturan Daerah Kawasan Tanpa Rokok : Peran Kesadaran Dan Ketaatan Hukum. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 18(1).

Astuti, P. A. S., Assunta, M., & Freeman, B. (2020). Why is tobacco control progress in Indonesia stalled? - A qualitative analysis of interviews with tobacco control experts. BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-08640-6

Brie, M. (2014). Towards a Plural and Polycentric World of Self-Organising Actors—Elinor Ostrom’s Research Programme. International Critical Thought, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/21598282.2014.906778

Carlisle, K., & Gruby, R. L. (2019). Polycentric Systems of Governance: A Theoretical Model for the Commons. Policy Studies Journal, 47(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12212

Elinor Ostrom, Governing the commons (1990). (2021). In The Political Economy Reader: Contending Perspectives and Contemporary Debates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003047162-15

Fariz Kahendra, Bagoes Widjanarko, & Farid Agushybana. (2023). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok : Literature Review. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 6(3). https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v6i3.3284

Fernando, R., & Marom, A. (2020). Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di. Scholar.Archive.Org, 11, 146–160. https://scholar.archive.org/work/icd627gluzd7jcmi6jopj3d2da/access/wayback/http://jurnal.fkm.untad.ac.id/index.php/preventif/article/download/178/117

Fristi Arsania, R., Pramita Gurning, F., Penelitian, A., Kunci, K., & Tanpa Rokok, K. (2024). Analisis Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Guna Menunjang Pola Hidup Sehat Pada Masyarakat Kota Medan Sumatera Utara: Jurnal Kolaboratif Sains, 7(9).

GATS. (2022). Global Adult Tobaco Survey (GATS). Global Adult Tobacco Survey.

Handayani, A. A. . J. W. R. H. H. (2025). Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa RokokDi Instansi Kesehatan Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 Tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di Kabupaten Barru. 46–61.

Hesti Rosdiana, R. Maisa Yudono, & Dian Tri Hapsari. (2021). Sosialisasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Dan Peran Serta Remaja Dalam Mendukung Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di Yayasan Bina Anak Pertiwi. Sosialisasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Dan Peran Serta Remaja Dalam Mendukung Implementasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di Yayasan Bina Anak Pertiwi, 2(2).

Irsan, Nurmaya, Pertiwi, F. (2021). Jurnal abdidas. Jurnal Abdidas, 2(6), 1412–1417.

Kapucu, N., Haupt, B., Quint, T., Rahman, M., & Yuksel, M. (2023). Polycentric Governance and Decentralized Decision-Making for Pervasive Spectrum Sharing. International Journal of Public Administration, 46(9). https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2021.2010752

Kemenkes & WHO. (2024). Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia Report 2021. In Educacao e Sociedade (Vol. 1, Issue 1).

Lintong, A., Nurdin, N., & Kawuryan, M. W. (2025). Evaluation of the Implementation of the Smoke-Free Zone Policy in DKI Jakarta Province. INFOKUM, 13(5).

Muazzinah, M., Fuad Khalil, Z., Zamharira, C., & Rahmah, R. (2023). Implementation of Smoke Free Area Policy in Banda Aceh City: Analysis of the Concept of Collaborative Governance. Iapa Proceedings Conference. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2023.890

Muthia, G. S. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di Kota Manado. Jurnal Policio, 10.

Ninkron, P., Nakamadee, B., Mahamit, W., Suesuwan, W., & Sukkul, K. (2024). Multi-sector Development of Measures and Interventions to Prevent New Smokers Among Youths Living in Underprivileged Housing Projects in Thailand. Journal of Prevention, 45(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-024-00779-x

Pain, K., & Shi, S. (2021). Cities, networks, polycentrism: Examining the place of polycentrism in spaces of flows. In Handbook of Cities and Networks. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788114714.00033

Pramana Putra, I. G. Y. E., & Setyowati, Y. (2022). Implementasi Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Di Lingkungan Instansi Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta. TheJournalish: Social and Government, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.55314/tsg.v3i1.223

Prayoga, I. A. (2022). Implementasi Kebijakan Tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Kabupaten Bandung. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, 3(09). https://doi.org/10.36418/jiss.v3i9.690

Priyogo, A., Samino, S., Yulyani, V., & Muhammad, M. (2022). The Implementation, Policy Sanctions for No-Smoking Area at Pertamina Bintang Amin Hospital Lampung Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v7i1.1114

Pungguh Eko Susanto. (2024). EFEKTIFITAS IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH KAWASAN TANPA ROKOK SERTA PERANKESADARAN DAN KETAATAN HUKUM DI WILAYAH SURABAYA. Jurnal Reformasi Hukum : Cogito Ergo Sum, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.51804/jrhces.v7i1.16620

Rajasa, F. M. Q., & Adhi P., N. (2021). QUO VADIS PERLINDUNGAN HAK KESEHATAN BAGI PEROKOK PASIF DI INDONESIA. Mimbar Hukum, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.22146/mh.v33i2.2479

Ripsidasiona. (2022). Adult Smokers in Indonesia Have Increased in the Last Ten Years. Badan Litbangkes Kemenkes.

Robichaud, N. (2019). Strategic Planning for Public and Nonprofit Organizations, John M. Bryson, Hoboken, John Wiley and Sons, 5 édition, 2018, 513 p. Nouvelles Perspectives En Sciences Sociales, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.7202/1062516ar

Saboli, A. M., Banudi, L., & Sunarsih, S. (2019). Peran Dukungan Masyarakat terhadap Penerapan Peraturan Daerah tentang Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Kendari. Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.36990/hijp.v11i2.129

Schaefer, A. (2023). Polycentricity and adaptation: A multilevel selectionist approach. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2023.04.004

Setiadin. (2024). Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Tentang Pelarangan Merokok Di Tempat Umum Di Kota Bandung Jawa Barat. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara, 3.

Sisca. (2022). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian: Pendekatan Multidisipliner - Google Books. In Ipb Press.

Suyitno, S., & Cahyati, W. H. (2025). Type of Occupation and Smoking Behavior: A Multinomial Analysis of Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia. JURNAL INFO KESEHATAN, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.31965/infokes.vol23.iss2.1984

Tariq, M. U. (2025). Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques. In Qualitative Inquiry in Doctoral Research. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7200-5.ch010

The Aceh Institute. (2023). Penindakan Iklan Rokok Ilegal di Sepanjang Jalan Arteri Banda Aceh – Aceh Besar. The Aceh Institute. https://acehinstitute.org/tobacco-post/penindakan-iklan-rokok-ilegal-di-sepanjang-jalan-arteri-banda-aceh-aceh-besar.html

Toonen, T. (2010). Resilience in public administration: The work of elinor and vincent Ostrom from a public administration perspective. In Public Administration Review (Vol. 70, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2010.02147.x

Triningtias, A., & Sugiyantio, E. (2021). Penerapan Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Taman Sempur Kota Bogor. Populis : Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.47313/pjsh.v5i1.833

Who. (2024). Kementerian Kesehatan dan WHO Menerbitkan Laporan Global Adult Tobacco Survey Indonesia 2021. Kementerian Kesehatan, August.

Zandberg, T., & Morales, F. N. (2019). Public managers’ networking and innovative work behavior: the importance of career incentives. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852317692138