SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW TENTANG HAMBATAN REFORMASI BIROKRASI DI INDONESIA

Abstract

This study aims to systematically identify and map the principal obstacles hindering the implementation of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia. By employing the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method on Sinta-accredited scientific articles published between 2020–2025, this research provides a comprehensive, evidence-based understanding of the persistence of these challenges. The analysis reveals that the core barriers are complex and multi-layered, encompassing five key areas: structural rigidity (hierarchical and rigid organizational structures), cultural resistance (a tendency to reject innovation and maintain old practices), regulatory complexity (overlapping and frequently changing regulations), human resource capacity (limited Civil Servant (ASN) competency and low innovation), and persistent integrity issues (practices of Corruption, Collusion, and Nepotism/KKN). These findings underscore that these intertwined obstacles significantly slow the change process and undermine the quality of public service. Based on this integrated analysis, the study proposes strategic policy recommendations directed toward a fundamental shift from formalistic procedure to adaptive governance. Key recommendations include organizational restructuring for greater flexibility and responsiveness, transforming the work culture to support innovation, simplifying and integrating regulations, enhancing ASN capacity through competency-based training and digital transformation (such as the implementation of e-performance systems), and aggressively strengthening the merit system and integrity zones to prevent KKN practices. By addressing the interconnected nature of these barriers, these recommendations are intended to assist policymakers in establishing an adaptive, professional, integrity-driven bureaucracy optimally focused on public service.